Renault Zoe Battery Pack
The Renault Zoe used three variants of Battery
- Ph1 Zoe - 22kWh
- Ph1 Zoe - 41kWh
- Ph2 Zoe - 52kWh (Including a software locked to 41kWh variant)
All three variants use 2p96s configuration, for 360v nominal.
22 & 41kWh variants either came with 22kW AC charging, or 43kW AC charging (Q90/Q210 motor) using a system Renault names the Chameleon Charger, presumably due to the ability to operate over a wide range of charge current, and on either single or three phase power. This system also uses the motor stator winding as an inductor.
The BMS's, regardless of motor variant are designed with 43kW maximum charge rate in mind, and the most the BMS will ever show as "Input Possible" is 43kW. Interestingly this was never possible, due to the losses in on board AC-DC conversion (~10%).
52kWh variants either came with 22kW AC charging alone, or alongside CCS charging.
Phase 1 22kWh Battery Pack
2012 - 2016 Manufactured by LGChem
Phase 1 41kWh Battery Pack
2016 - 2019 Manufactured by LGChem, same dimensions as the 22kWh pack and a straightforward bolt-in swap to earlier cars.
The vehicle includes a plastic housing situated behind the battery pack incorporating a blower fan, and air-conditioning evaporator.
Cooling & Heating
On the 41kWh pack it includes two PTC heaters, one supplied by a 40amp fuse, and a second supplied by a 70amp fuse, theoretically allowing over 1kW of heating. These are relay controlled by the EVC.
The battery blower is controlled by the Air Conditioning Control Unit. It appears to be wired as a second interior blower (as in dual zone) heating system would be in other Renault vehicles, it has PWM control and a RPM feedback signal.
The Air Conditioning appears to only be used when the vehicle is charging and the battery temperature exceeds a setpoint.
The blower is activated in conjunction with the Air-Con or on its own. It is run when battery heating is in operation.
Construction
The battery pack consists of an aluminium alloy base to which the battery modules are mounted. There is a pressed steel lid that bolts on top of the base with a large amount of small bolts. A gasket is integrated into the base and can be reused. The many bolts appear to be scewing in to rivnuts which can be problematic if cross threaded or over-tightened, Renault have a procedure listed for replacing these.
Phase 2 52kWh Battery Pack
2019 - 2024 (end of Zoe production) similar dimensions to the previous two batteries, but with an additional 4 mounting bolts, and bolts directly to the chassis as opposed to via metal brackets. Can be bolted into original Zoe chassis if you add a plate with two captive nuts inside the chassis rail. Totally different pin configuration on the low voltage connector, and totally different CAN messages so requires a CAN translator. High Voltage connector is the same as the earlier models, wired the same.
Construction
The battery pack is largely the same as the previous models and consists of an aluminium alloy base to which the battery modules are mounted. There is a pressed steel lid that bolts on top of the base with a large amount of small bolts. A gasket is integrated into the base and can be reused.
Comparison
| Technical Data | 22kWh | 41kWh | 52kWh |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voltage | 345.6v | 345.6v (Zoe ceases charging at 400v) | 345.6v |
| Voltage Range | ?? - 4.2v | ||
| Number of Cells | 192 (2p69s) | 192 (2p69s) | 192 (2p69s) |
| Discharge Power Short Term | |||
| Max Charge Power | 43kW | 43kW | ?? |
| Listed Capacity (on sticker on top of battery casing) | 25920Wh | 41000Wh | 52000Wh |
| Usable Capacity | 22kWh | 41kWh | 52kWh |
| Actual Capacity | 25920Wh (Sticker) | 45.34kWh (source) | 54.66kWh (source) |
| Cell Type | LG Chem | LG Chem LGX E63
NCM622 3.6v? |
LG Chem LGX E78
NCM712? 78ah 3.65 |
| Weight | 280kg | 305kg | 326kg |
| Case Construction | Aluminium Alloy Base, Pressed Steel Top | Aluminium Alloy Base, Pressed Steel Top | Aluminium Alloy Base, Pressed Steel Top |
| Cooling Method | Blown AC Chilled Air from external evaporator | Blown AC Chilled Air from external evaporator | Blown AC Chilled Air from external evaporator |
| Heating Method | (in cold climate only) Blown Air from PTC | Blown Air from external 12v PTC | Blown Air from external 12v PTC |
| Internal Fuse | 2x 275amp (in 2018 41kWh R110) | 2x 225amp (in 2022 battery pack) |
BMS Phase 1 (22kWh & 41kWh Packs)
Connector
Part: Yazaki 7283-8854-30 (Harness Side), 7282-8854-30 (Battery side, although battery one is a bulkhead variant).
| Pin | Function | Wire Size | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Permanent 12v | 0.5mm2 | Supplied by 5amp Fuse. Red Wire |
| 2 | N/C | ||
| 3 | Chassis Ground | 0.75mm2 | Black wire car side. |
| 4 | Chassis Ground | 0.75mm2 | Black wire car side. |
| 5 | Chassis Ground | 0.75mm2 | Black wire car side. |
| 6 | CAN High | 0.5mm2 | Green wire car side. |
| 7 | Switched 12v | 0.75mm2 | Green wire car side. Also referred to as "Emergency Cut-Off" |
| 8 | Main Contactor | 0.5mm2 | Green wire car side. Ground connection. Positive fed via Pin7. |
| 9 | N/C | ||
| 10 | Pre-charge Contactor | 0.5mm2 | White wire car side. Ground connection. Positive fed via Pin7. |
| 11 | N/C | ||
| 12 | CAN Low | 0.5mm2 | Grey wire car side. |
CAN Communication
500kbps Standard 11bit address CAN on Phase1 Batteries and Vehicles.
All BMS data is available using ISO-TP requests, the BMS will respond with the value.
There are also frames transmitted whilst the BMS is awake which contain all of the basic data needed to run the car and charge.
Known Data Sources
| Data Name | ISO-TP Source | Free Frame Source | Notes | Confirmed Accurate? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max Charge Power | 0x155 B0 (x 300 = Max Watts) | Yes (SF) | ||
| Ammeter | 0x155 B1+B2 (ignore most significant bit on B1) | Yes (SF) | ||
| Online/Offline | 0x155 B3 (0x94 = Online, 0x54 = Offline) | |||
| SOC | 0x155 B4+B5 | Yes (SF) | ||
| Pack Voltage | 0x155 (B6 Bits 1+0) + B7 | Yes (SF) | ||
| Cell Under Voltage | 0x424 B0(b7+6) | |||
| HVBIR Flag? | 0x424 B0(b5+4) | |||
| HV Battery Under Voltage | 0x424 B0(b3+2) | |||
| End of Charge Flag | 0x424 B0(b1+0) | |||
| HV Battery Over Current | 0x424 B1(b7+6) | |||
| HV Battery Over Temp | 0x424 B1(b5+4) | |||
| HV Battery Over Voltage | 0x424 B1(b3+2) | |||
| Cell Over Voltage | 0x424 B1(b1+0) | |||
| Max Input Power | 0x424 B2 (divide value by 2 to give kW) | |||
| Max Output Power | 0x424 B3 (divide value by 2 to give kW) | |||
| Min Temp | 0x424 B4 (ignore most significant bit) -40 = Temp C | |||
| SOH | 0x424 B5 (ignore most significant bit) | Whole number only.
22kWh Value seen to go up and down. 41kWh Value seems to only decline. | ||
| LBC Answer Key | 0x424 B6 (0xAA / 0x55) Oscillates. | |||
| Max Battery Temp | 0x424 B7 (ignore most signisifant bit) -40 = Temp C | |||
| HV Battery State | 0x425 (B0 b5,b4,b3) | |||
| LBC RS | 0x425 (B0 b2,b1) | |||
| Available kWh | 0x425 (B0 b1) + B1 = divide by 10 for kWh. | |||
| IDA | ||||
| SM1F Safety Mode 1 Flag | ||||
| HV Isolation | ||||
| Highest Cell Voltage | ||||
| Lowest Cell Voltage | ||||
| RTS | ||||
| HV Battery Failure1 | ||||
| HV Battery Failure2 | ||||
| HV Battery Connection | ||||
| LBC2 Answer Key |
ISO-TP Requests
For a complete list of possible data please see CanZE Page
BMS Phase 2 (52kWh Packs)
There is a version of the Phase2 Zoe that was sold with a battery that was software restricted to 41kWh, despite being a 52kWh battery.
Connector
Part: Yazaki 7283-8854-30 (Harness Side), 7282-8854-30 (Battery side, although battery one is a bulkhead variant).
| Pin | Function | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Permanent 12v+ | Red wire car side. |
| 2 | Secondary CAN High* | *May not be present. |
| 3 | Main Contactor | Blue wire car side. |
| 4 | N/C | |
| 5 | CAN High | Green wire car side. |
| 6 | N/C | |
| 7 | Switched +12v | Green wire car side. |
| 8 | Secondary CAN Low* | *May not be present. |
| 9 | N/C | |
| 10 | Pre-charge Contactor | White wire car side. |
| 11 | CAN Low | Grey wire car side. |
| 12 | Chassis Ground | Black wire car side. |
CAN Communication
500kbs CAN. 29bit extended addresses used for UDS data requests, but all other messages are 11bit standard length.
All via the battery primary CAN bus. The BMS requires CAN frames to be sent in order to wake up. All BMS data is available using UDS requests, the BMS will respond with the value.
There are also frames transmitted whilst the BMS is awake which contain all of the basic data needed to run the car and charge, Although not all values are currently known.
LBC1 (Primary Battery Data) is queried on address 0x18DADBF1 and response received on 0x18DAF1DB.
LBC2 (Isolation and Secondary data) is queried on address 0x18DADCF1, and response received on 0x18DAF1DC.
Further Information: https://github.com/ljames28/Renault-Zoe-PH2-ZE50-Canbus-LBC-Information
| Can ID | Send Frequency | Data | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x0EE | 10ms | B0: 0x32
B1: 0x03 B2: 0x20 B3: 0xAA B4: 0x00 B5: 0x00 B6: Counter B7: Checksum |
Pedal Position?
these fixed values work. Counter 0-16 incrementing one each frame sent. Checksum made up of the 7 bytes passed through CRC8 see: here |
| 0x0F5 | 10ms | B0: 0x7C
B1: Counter B2: Checksum B3: 0xFF B4: 0xD7 B5: 0xF8 B6: 0x7D B7: 0x10 |
Current?
Checksum made up of the 7 bytes passed through CRC8 see: here |
| 0x133 | 10ms | B0: 0xB1
B1: 0xA6 B2: Counter B3: Checksum B4: 0x00 B5: 0x06 B6: 0x05 B7: 0x05 |
Vehicle Speed?
Checksum made up of the 7 bytes passed through CRC8 see: here |
| 0x373 | 100ms | B0: 0xC1 Streaming / 0x01 Not Streaming
B1: 0x40 B2: LBC Key 0x5D / 0xB2 B3: LBC2 Key 0x5D / 0xB2 B4: 0x00 B5: 0x1 B6: 0xFF B7: 0xE3 |
|
| 0x375 | 100ms | 0x02, 0x29, 0x00, 0xBF, 0xFE, 0x64, 0x0, 0xFF | |
| 0x376 | 100ms | B0, B1, B2: Time Since First Startup
B3, B4, B5: Mileage of Vehicle B6: 0x00 B7: 0x54 |
|
| 0x440 | 100ms | B0: 0x00
B1: Relay State B2: Checksum B3: Counter B4: 0x1F B5: 0xFE B6: 0xFF B7: 0x82 |
Checksum made up of the 7 bytes passed through CRC8
see: here |
| 0x4CE | 100ms | B0: Charging Mode
B1: 0xFF B2: 0xFF B3: 0xFF B4: 0xDF B5: 0xFF B6: Counter B7: Checksum |
Checksum made up of the 7 bytes passed through CRC8
see: here |
| 0x4FB | 100ms | B0: counter
B1: 0x00 B2: 0x04 B3: 0x00 B4: 0x00 B5: Checksum |
Checksum made up of 7 bytes passed through CRC8
see: here |
| 0x5F8 | 1000ms | 0x16, 0x44, 0x90, 0x8F | |
| 0x6BF | 1000ms | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 | |
Received Frames from BMS
Known Data Sources
| Data Name | UDS Source | CAN Frame Source | Notes | Confirmed Accurate? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest Cell Voltage | LBC1: 0x90 0x07 | 0x4DB
((B0 << 4) + B1 Most Significant Nibble) + 1000 = Max Cell mV |
||
| Highest Cell Volt ID | LBC1: 0x90 0x08 | |||
| Lowest Cell Voltage | LBC1: 0x90 0x09 | 0x4DB
(B1 Least Significant Nibble << 4) + B2) + 1000 = Min Cell mV |
||
| Lowest Cell Volt
ID |
LBC1: 0x90 0x0A | |||
| Pack Voltage | ||||
| USOC | LBC1: 0x90 0x02 | Used by Dashboard on Zoe | ||
| SOC | LBC1: 0x90 0x01 | True SOC | ||
| SOH | LBC1: 0x90 0x05 | SOH | ||
| Current | LBC1: 0x90 0x0D | Current 10ms measurement | ||
| Current Offset | LBC1: 0x90 0x0C | |||
| Max Generated Input | LBC1: 0x90 0x0E | Maximum Input (ie Regen) after restriction. | ||
| Max Available Power | LBC1: 0x90 0x0F | Maximum Output possible (ie Max kW Out short term) after restriction. | ||
| 12v Voltage at Control Unit | LBC1: 0x90 0x11 | |||
| Average Temperature | LBC1: 0x90 0x12 | Pack Average From all temp sensors. | ||
| Minimum Pack Temp | LBC1: 0x90 0x13 | Lowest Temperature Measurement Now | ||
| Maximum Pack Temp | LBC1: 0x90 0x14 | Highest Temperature Measurement Now | ||
| Maximum Charge Input | LBC1: 0x90 0x18 | Maximum Input, specifically charging after restrictions. | ||
| End of Charge | LBC1: 0x90 0x19 | Flag that sets when battery charging must stop. | ||
| Interlock | LBC1: 0x90 0x1A | HV Interlock Flags | ||
| Individual Cell Voltages | 0x5A1, 0x5AC, 0x5AD, 0x5B4, 0x5B5, 0x5B7, 0x5C9, 0x5CB, 0x5CC, 0x5D6, 0x5D7, 0x5D9, 0x5DD, 0x5EA, 0x5ED, 0x5F0, 0x5F1, 0x5F2, 0x5F4, 0x5F7 | CAN table to be drawn up* | ||
| Isolation | LBC2: 0x90 0x15 | Sent from LBC2. Battery Isolation measurement in ohms. |
UDS Data Lookup
For a complete list of UDS data available, see CanZE LBC1 UDS & LBC2 UDS
High Voltage Connector (Same on all packs)
On the ZE40 Zoe, Renault list the cable size as 40mm2, although 35mm2 crimps fit.