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| Electronic drive trains are extremely efficient, as a result there is not much heat generated during the driving process. As a result EVs need alternative heat sources:
| | #REDIRECT [[Category:HVAC]] |
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| * [[wikipedia:Self-regulating_heater|ptc heaters]]
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| * water heaters
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| * [[wikipedia:Heat_pump|heat pumps]]
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| * seat heaters
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| The heating process can have a large effect on the range of a EV, as the energy come directly from the battery pack. theres a few ways to maximize the available energy:
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| * direct heating
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| ** such as heat seaters. Much more efficient to heat the subject, rather than heating the air around the subject.
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| * heat pumps
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| ** scavenge heat from external sources instead of producing the heat directly
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| [[File:Tesla ptc.jpg|thumb|299x299px|tesla ptc heater]]
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| === PTC heaters ===
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| PTC (Positive temperature coefficient) heaters are solid state devices electrical heater which strives to keep a constant temperature regardless of how the ambient conditions changes. It is the material in the heater itself that regulates the temperature.
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| They are designed to be mounted in a HVCA unit in front of the blower fan, in combination with, or replacing, the original heater core.
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| PTC Heaters come in a variety of operational voltages and controllers. Dedicated EV PTC heaters run off HV, others off 12v and home appliance types run off 120vac.
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| Many European model cars utilize 12v ptc heaters for preheating the cabin. 12v heaters do not produce large amounts of heat (2kw>) but are still worthy contenders in combination with other heating methods. Dedicated HV EV PTC heaters produce 5kw+ worth of heat.
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| === Water heaters ===
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| Water heaters, like PTC heaters, come in a variety of operational voltages. They are a simple solution, as theres no need to dismantle or install anything into a vehicles stock HVAC unit. They can be found in many EVs and hybrid vehicles.
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| [[File:Voltptc.jpg|thumb|chevy volt water heater]]
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| === Heatpumps ===
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| Heat pumps are regarded as the most efficient type of heating in a EV. They function by transferring thermal energy from a cooler space to a warmer space using a refrigeration cycle, think of a AC system operating in reverse.
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| [[File:Leafpump.png|thumb|303x303px|ev heat pump system]]
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| === Seat heaters ===
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| seat heaters are a efficient way if providing heat in a ev, cheap aftermarket kits are available.
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| == Heaters ==
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| *[[Webasto HVH50|Webasto HVH]] (50/70/100)
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| *[[chevy volt coolant heater]]
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| *smart 2 ptc
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| *tesla ptc
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| *leaf ptc
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| *leaf water
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| *leaf heatpump
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| *tesla heatpump
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| *[[Volkswagen Heater]]
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| *[[Mitsubishi Outlander Water Heater]]
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