Lexus GS450h Drivetrain: Difference between revisions

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Transmission is tapered quite heavily, the width and height is closer to 25cm after the bellhousing, but hard to gauge due to various outcropping parts (motor cables, oil pump, PRNDL selector, etc)
Transmission is tapered quite heavily, the width and height is closer to 25cm after the bellhousing, but hard to gauge due to various outcropping parts (motor cables, oil pump, PRNDL selector, etc)
[[File:Oil Pump.png|thumb|193x193px|Oil Pump]]
 
Weight is 128kg. Unknown if this is dry or filled. Likely partially filled. Unknown if this includes oil pump and cables.
Weight is 128kg. Unknown if this is dry or filled. Likely partially filled. Unknown if this includes oil pump and cables.


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=== The Oil Pump ===
=== The Oil Pump ===
Black is PWM in from your controller.
[[File:Oilpump.png|inline|frameless|300x288px|Oil pump]]
[[File:Oil Pump2.png|thumb|190x190px|Oil Pump 2]]
[[File:Connector - A55 Oil Pump Motor Controller 90980–12483.png|inline|frameless|300x300px|Connector - A55 Oil Pump Motor Controller 90980–12483]]
Brown is feedback from the oil pump. It's PWM. Do what you want with this or leave it disconnected.
[[File:Oil Pump.png|inline|frameless|400x367px|Oil Pump]]
[[File:Oil Pump2.png|inline|frameless|400x500px|Oil Pump 2]]
 
The metal case is the ground.
 
Black (pin 6) is PWM in from your controller.
 
Brown (pin 7) is feedback from the oil pump. It's PWM. Do what you want with this or leave it disconnected.


The fat blue wire is 12V power. The oil pump uses around 50A Max. So plan for that. Add your own relay to stop it draining your battery while the car is off.
The fat blue wire (pin 5) is 12V power. The oil pump uses around 50A Max. So plan for that. Add your own relay to stop it draining your battery while the car is off.


The metal case is the ground.


The PWM for this is weird, it's not just 0-100. IIRC it is 0% at both ends, and rises to 100% near the middle, then back down again. This is just based on the sound of the pump with no load, so needs more testing to find the real values.
The PWM for this is weird, it's not just 0-100. IIRC it is 0% at both ends, and rises to 100% near the middle, then back down again. This is just based on the sound of the pump with no load, so needs more testing to find the real values.
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|4
|4
|}
|}
[[File:Connector - A55 Oil Pump Motor Controller 90980–12483.png|thumb|153x153px|Connector - A55 Oil Pump Motor Controller 90980–12483]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Transmission Connectors
|+Transmission Connectors
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|Single large (7-way) connector on the side of the oil pump controller
|Single large (7-way) connector on the side of the oil pump controller
|
|
|}[[File:Oilpump.png|thumb|163x163px|Oil pump]]
|}


==Control Board==
==Control Board==

Revision as of 07:48, 26 May 2020

GS450h inverter external connector

The Lexus GS450h VCU is an open source project to repurpose 2006-2012 Lexus GS450h inverters for DIY EV use. It consists of a circuit board and programming that communicates with the original logic board in the inverter and allows independent control of it without communicating with a GS450h ECU.

Note that the Toyota Camry hybrid (US market) uses a similar inverter with the same logic board, which is functionally identical to the GS450h unit.

GS450h Inverter

The Lexus GS450h is a hybrid vehicle. Their inverters are suitable and attractive for DIY EVs because of:

  • Good availability and price - an inverter and "transmission" can generally be purchased for less than £/€1000.
  • Durability. Toyota engineers appear to have made the inverters foolproof, many inputs and outputs gracefully handle fault conditions.
  • Respectable performance. Rated for a combined 250kW output.
  • Ease of repurposing. Emulating the original ECU seems reasonably feasible. The transmission is a similar size and layout to many RWD transmissions.

The Lexus GS450h (2006-2012 model years) has a variety of useful components inside the inverter package:

Toyota Camry Inverter external connector
GS450h internal inverter connections
  • 2 high power inverters, for the 2 motors MG1 capable of handling X(?) amps, and MG2 capable of handling Y(?) amps.
  • A boost module to boost the 288v battery pack up to 650v

For technical analysis of this unit, see pages 14-47 of this document: https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/928684

GS450h Converter

A buck/boost converter lives within the inverter housing, originally this is used to step up the 288V battery pack in the GS450h to the 650V for use in the inverter. For those using a 600+V battery pack, this converter can be used to step the voltage down to a more reasonable level to interface with charfgers, DCDC converters, heaters, AC compressors, and other components which can be found in "regular" EV's (Tesla, Leaf, Volt, etc).

This unit is rated at 30kW, making it unsuitable for traction power, but good for auxiliary devices.

Details on how to control the converter are here: https://openinverter.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=538

For technical analysis of this unit, see pages 14-47 of this document: https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/928684

GS450h Transmission

GS450h inverter

For technical analysis of this transmission, see pages 46 onwards of this document: https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/947393

The transmission contains two "Motor-Generator" units. MG1 sits at the front of the transmission, and interfaces with the internal combustion engine through a planetary gear set. For this reason, to obtain torque from MG1, the input shaft of the transmission must be locked in place. This is usually done using a splined coupler, which is then welded onto the transmission front mount.

The input shaft on the transmission has 21 splines, with a 28mm major diameter. It is believed that there are several Toyota clutches which will have this in their centre. The original GS450h flywheel and coupler also contains the appropriate slined centre, of course.

The fluid fill port is the banjo bolt for the upper transmission cooler hose. The specified fluid is "Toyota WS" ATF.

It is a good idea to replace the two bearings in the electric oil pump before fitting a used transmission. There is a guide here. Bearing part numbers are 61900-2Z and 608-2Z, you will need one of each.

The shift position lever on the right-hand side of the transmission engages the parking pawl when in the "all-the-way-back" position. All other positions disengage this pawl. The R, N, D, M positions only affect the output of the shift position sensor.

Note the following when purchasing the transmission:

GS450h shift position sensor
  • It is recommended to purchase one which has the electric oil pump fitted - these are a costly item as the bearings in them often fail, in some cases they cost more than the transmission.
  • It is recommended to purchase a transmission which includes the wiring harness, or at least off-cuts of the connectors. Some connectors may be unavailable for purchase. There is a thread here which covers the connectors on this transmission.

Dimensions

Overall height (oil pan to top of bellhousing) is 39cm. Bell housing is full height, i.e. 39cm diameter, when the transmission is sitting on its oil pan (as it is on my bench), the bellhousing still just about touches the bench.

Widest point is 40cm, includes a bump for a starter motor which I don't believe the GS450h even has. Likely leftover to mate with the 2GR engine.

Overall length including tailshaft, output flange, and pilot shaft, is 82cm.

Transmission is tapered quite heavily, the width and height is closer to 25cm after the bellhousing, but hard to gauge due to various outcropping parts (motor cables, oil pump, PRNDL selector, etc)

Weight is 128kg. Unknown if this is dry or filled. Likely partially filled. Unknown if this includes oil pump and cables.

The input shaft pokes out 29mm from the general highest point of the back of the bell housing? (e.g. set a 20cm ruler there and measure from it)

The taper at the tip of the shaft before the splines appear fully is 6mm long. (i.e. the length of the tip portion without proper splines)

The Oil Pump

Oil pump Connector - A55 Oil Pump Motor Controller 90980–12483 Oil Pump Oil Pump 2

The metal case is the ground.

Black (pin 6) is PWM in from your controller.

Brown (pin 7) is feedback from the oil pump. It's PWM. Do what you want with this or leave it disconnected.

The fat blue wire (pin 5) is 12V power. The oil pump uses around 50A Max. So plan for that. Add your own relay to stop it draining your battery while the car is off.


The PWM for this is weird, it's not just 0-100. IIRC it is 0% at both ends, and rises to 100% near the middle, then back down again. This is just based on the sound of the pump with no load, so needs more testing to find the real values.

Here is a list of compatible Toyota part numbers for the oil pump controller: G1167-30020

Wiring Harness Connectors

Here are a list of connectors required for the GS450h transmission & inverter if you need/wish to build the harness for your build. (It is a good idea to find components with at least the connectors to build on. As some of the connectors are impossible to obtain)

Inverter Connectors
Connector Part No. Location
Inverter interface connector (A62) 90980–12630 Black connector on the side of the inverter. This connector is not sold anywhere to our knowledge.

A good alternative to this, otherwise difficult to obtain, connector is to replace the receptacle/header with the following parts from Molex:

Image Part No. Item Quantity
036638-0002.jpg
036638-0002 CMC header connector 48pin 1
064320-1311.jpg
064320-1311 CMC receptacle 48pin 1
064320-1301.jpg
064320-1301 CMC wire cap 1
064323-1039.jpg
064323-1039 CP terminal 4
064323-1029.jpg
064323-1029 CP terminal 32
064325-1010.jpg
064325-1010 CMC plug 8
064325-1023.jpg
064325-1023 CMC plug 4
Transmission Connectors
Connector Part No. Location
ECT Solenoid (E83) Sumitomo 6189-1092 Located on the left hand side of the transmission above the oil pan.
Sumitomo 6189-1092.jpg
Shift Lever Position Sensor (E80) Sumitomo 90980-12362 Located on the right side of the transmission next to the shift lever inhibitor switch.
Sumitomo 90980-12362.png
MG1 & MG2 Resolver(s) (E81 & E82) Sumitomo 6189-1240 Two connectors located on the left side of the transmission by the bell housing.
Sumitomo 6189-1240.jpg
Oil Pump & Oil Pump Motor Controller
Connector Part No. Location
Oil Pump Temperature Sensor Sumitomo 6189-0175 The connector is the small 2-pin connector in the middle of the harness between the oil pump and controller
HVECU -> Oil Pump Controller (A52) Single large (7-way) connector on the side of the oil pump controller

Control Board

An open-source VCU, designed by Damien Maguire, can be purchased as both partially populated and fully populated and tested boards on his website:

Lexus GS450H VCM Partially Built

GS450h transmission and oil pump temperature sensor

Lexus GS450H VCM Fully Built and Tested

The VCU is an external unit that will not fit within the GS450h inverter housing. It does not replace the GS450h inverter control board, instead it interfaces with it over USART.

For those who have purchased the fully built board, the mating connectors for the VCU are Molex parts:

  • 33472-2002 (Left side, grey in colour)
  • 33472-2001 (Right side, black in colour)
  • 33012-2002 (Crimp terminals)
  • 5810130065 (Enclosure)

For partially populated board, these additional parts are required:

  • 5810140011 (Header, 40 Pos)
  • 75867-101LF (CONN1, Header for WiFi module)
  • 5787834-1 (CONN2, USB 2.0 receptacle)
  • TR10S05 (IC10, 5V DC/DC converter)

These parts are available from many electronics distributors.

Development History

V1 - This board was sold tested but also as a bare logic board requiring purchase of your own components and SMD placement and soldering skills. https://www.evbmw.com/index.php/evbmw-webshop/toyota-bare-boards/gs450h-bare-pcb

V2 - A new board source was found to be both high quality and low cost. The boards were redesigned around the inventory of parts available from this supplier. In particular the high cost of populated and soldered boards (10x the price) from the source used to make the v1 boards is so significantly lower on the v2 that there are likely no savings by building and soldering the board yourself. Software is still in development.

Vendors

There are currently no vendors who offer support on any aspects of the GS450h VCU.

Support

Community support is available on the Lexus GS450H VCU Support Thread